Secure interoperability between networks can only be facilitated by the exchange of interoperability proofs which confirm the finality of cross chain messages.
Interoperability proofs are a combination of Consensus proofs, State proofs and Fraud proofs needed to facilitate secure data exchange between networks.
Consensus proofs are cryptographic proofs that confirm the finality of cross-chain transactions. These proofs are required to authenticate the irreversible state of a blockchain.
State proofs are unforgeable merkle proofs of the information stored on the blockchain, whether that's account balances or arbitrary items in contract storage.
Fraud proofs are proofs of 51% attacks or other kinds of malicious behaviour. These proofs allow Hyperbridge to be fully Byzantine-fault tolerant, the first of its kind in bridges today.
# | Bridge | Security Assumption | Economic Security | Storage Queries | Permissionless Relayers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hyperbridge | Consensus, State & Fraud proofs | $4Bn | Yes | Yes |
2 | Axelar | Oracle-based, validators attest to cross-chain state | <$1Bn | No | No |
3 | Wormhole | Oracle-based, 13/19 "Guardians" attest to cross-chain state | <$1Bn | No | No |
4 | Layerzero | Oracle-based, 2/2 Multisig between a relayer & oracle | N/A | No | No |
5 | Hyperlane | Oracle-based, Multisig ISM | N/A | No | No |